The 2011 China Green Development Index - Regional Comparison was recently released in Beijing. The research report issued by the research team of the National Bureau of Statistics of China’s China Economic Climate Monitoring Center, Beijing Normal University, and Southwestern University of Finance and Economics conducts the green development level in 30 provinces (regions, cities) and 34 large and medium-sized cities in China. Measured and ranked. This green report, which was released for the second time after 2010, has begun to attract the attention of relevant parties, especially the decision-making departments. This report shows a conclusion contrary to some people's inertial thinking: the development of the green environment is not in contradiction with the development of the heavy chemical industry.
According to the report, Li Xiaoxi, deputy director of the academic committee of Beijing Normal University, said that the main indicators for the development of the eastern part of the country are the objective indicators, such as per capita GDP, labor productivity, and urban per capita green space. Area and so on. It mainly includes three major categories of indicators: economic growth green degree reflects the impact of production on resource consumption and the environment; resource and environmental carrying potential reflects the potential of the region's natural resources and environment; government policy support reflects the social organizer's resources The level and intensity of the contradiction between environment and economic development. The 3 weights are 30%, 40% and 30% respectively.
From the comparison of weights, we can see that the weight of resources and environment carrying potential is the highest of the three indicators. For its importance, the report states that to speed up the transformation of economic development, it is necessary to coordinate and coordinate the coordinated development of the economy, resources, and the environment. In the process of economic and social development, it is necessary to pay full attention to and consider the abundance of resources, ecological protection, and the environment. Pressure and climate change and other issues. The resource and environment bearing potential measures the bearing capacity of a region's abundant resources, ecological protection, environmental pressure, and climate change for future economic development and human activities. It is a comprehensive reflection of the natural resources and ecological endowment conditions of various regions, and the impact of human activities on the resources, the environment, the ecological climate, etc. It is one of the important connotations of the green development index.
Some experts indicated that the design of this indicator has a strong policy implied meaning. In the past, when China developed its economy, it had seldom considered this indicator. Instead, it used the attitude of “How bold are people and how productive are the landâ€. It has been asking for resources and the environment endlessly. Now it is added to the judging system and given the highest weight, indicating that policy makers are beginning to realize that production methods, pollutant discharge and governance are closely related to the environmental carrying capacity of a region, and must be harmoniously developed.
The report shows that among the 30 provinces (regions, cities) participating in the survey, 12 provinces have higher levels of green development than the national average. The top ten green development levels are: Beijing, Shanghai, Qinghai, Tianjin, Hainan, Zhejiang, Yunnan, Fujian, Jiangsu, and Guangdong. As can be seen from the rankings, the level of green development in the eastern region is relatively high. With the exception of Qinghai and Yunnan, which are located in the western part of the country, the other top ten provinces are all from the eastern region. The level of green development in the central region is relatively weak, and the green development index of the six provinces is lower than the national average. The report also shows that the western region has strong potential for carrying resources and environment, but the economic growth has a low degree of greenery; in the east, the opposite is true. The greening degree of economic growth is high, but the carrying capacity of resources and the environment is poor; in the middle, neither is strong. The most typical example is the Beijing city with the highest green development index in the country. Although ranked first in terms of economic growth, greenery, and government policy support, it ranks only 18th in terms of resource and environmental carrying potential.
Five chemical provinces (cities) among the top ten reporters noted that among the top ten provinces and cities, there are five major chemical provinces (cities).
According to data released by the China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation, the petrochemical output values ​​of Jiangsu Province and Guangdong Province in 2010 were 1,126.327 billion yuan and 692.426 billion yuan, ranking second and third among all provinces and cities in the country. At the same time, the reporter found that these two provinces were also among the top ten in terms of green development level, ranking ninth and tenth respectively. In addition, Tianjin, the seventh largest chemical province (city), and Zhejiang, the fifth largest, rank higher in the green development rankings, ranking fourth and sixth respectively. Shanghai's performance is even more prominent. In 2010, Shanghai's petrochemical output value reached 361.722 billion yuan, ranking sixth in all provinces and cities nationwide. In the ranking of green development level, Shanghai won the second place. This fully confirms that both green and development are complementary, and green and chemical industries can coexist.
Why are the green development levels of these large chemical provinces (cities) relatively high?
Li Xiaoxi analyzed that the per capita resources of these eastern provinces (cities) are low, and the indicators of resource and environmental potential are ranked lower. However, they attach greater importance to the balanced development of the economy, resources, and the environment, with energy-saving and emission-reduction as the main starting point, and by constantly optimizing the industrial structure and adjusting the industrial layout, etc., to ease resource and environmental constraints and increase the level of green economic development. At the same time, due to the earlier development and strong economic strength, the support of these provincial government policies is relatively large. Therefore, under strong environmental constraints, the level of green development in the eastern petrochemical provinces and cities is still high.
The reporter noted that in these two provinces and cities in the introduction of industrial policies in the past two years, they have all made efforts to promote structural adjustment and economic transformation. For example, last year, Tianjin City successively formulated the "Tianjin Plan for Climate Change Response" and the "Tianjin City 2010 Energy Saving and Early-Decision Prevention and Control Plan", requiring Tianjin to focus on structural adjustment, accelerate the transformation of economic development methods, and vigorously promote low-carbon development. Development, recycling development and clean production, and build a high-end, high-quality, high-tech industrial structure.
In Shanghai and Zhejiang Province, through the fiscal policy of green credit, the green development of the local chemical industry is promoted. In the first half of 2010 alone, Zhejiang's financial institutions added 12 billion yuan to energy-saving environmental protection companies and project loans, and withdrew nearly 600 million yuan in credit funds from enterprises and projects that were eliminated, restricted, and did not meet the requirements for energy conservation and environmental protection. Shanghai's green and low-carbon industry has also increased its credit supply year by year, and is showing an accelerated growth trend. As of the end of May this year, the loan balance of Shanghai's green low-carbon industry was 28.604 billion yuan, an increase of 1.778 billion yuan from the beginning of the year, an increase of 758 million yuan or 9.64% year-on-year, an increase of 7.21 percentage points year-on-year, and an increase of 5.464 billion yuan from the end of 2008. Increased by 23.61%.
There are also like Jiangsu and Guangdong provinces, not only focusing on the green development of chemical industry in the past few years, but also focusing on low-carbon technologies and circular economy as the future development priorities. The Guangdong Provincial Party Committee proposed at the Sixth Plenary Session of the 10th session of last year that Guangdong will use a green road network of approximately 1,690 km in the Pearl River Delta Region in about three years to transform the economic development model and build a strategic height for livable urban and rural areas. Promote green and low-carbon development in Guangdong. Jiangsu Province made it clear this year that the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan Outline for National Economic and Social Development of Jiangsu Province" has clearly pointed out that Jiangsu, as a resource-consuming province, eases resource and environmental bottlenecks, and builds a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. It has become an urgent task for the development of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". Strengthening the construction of ecological civilization, developing circular economy, promoting low-carbon technologies, and promoting green growth are development trends in this period and will lead the trend of future development.
The province with the highest GDP of chemical industry fell out of the top ten, but the reporter also found some regrets.
In 2010, the petrochemical output value of Shandong Province reached 1,568.493 billion yuan, ranking first in the country. However, it ranks 12th in the ranking of green development; Hebei, one of the top 10 petrochemical provinces and cities, ranks 18th in the level of green development; and the level of green development in major chemical provinces (cities) in Shanxi is even lower than the national average. Ranked in the last five places of all provinces and cities; more obvious is Henan Province, in 2010 its petrochemical output value reached 306.05 billion yuan, ranking ninth in all provinces and cities, but its green development level is ranked last in the country.
According to Li Xiaoxi, objectively speaking, the green rankings of these central provinces are on the one hand, because on the other hand, the transfer of manufacturing industries carrying large amounts of goods in the east has further reduced resources and environmental space. On the other hand, economic strength is far from being strong in the east. The investment in environmental protection is limited, and resource endowments cannot be compared with some provinces and regions in the west, thus becoming a "sandwich layer." Just like in Shanxi Province, coal was exported to other provinces, leaving pollution to itself. However, from a subjective point of view, it is also related to the attitudes and concepts of some major chemical provinces. Some local governments do not have sufficient understanding of the current environment of tight resources and an urgent situation of environmental pollution. They have not updated their concepts, or have simply taken local GDP as their top priority, or they have ignored major projects.
Some experts believe that different results have emerged, indicating that although local governments all recognize the importance of green development, there are obvious differences in the strength of policy support and implementation. Some provinces and cities may be merciless when implementing policies. Whereas government support is as strong but green development is not a good place, it reflects problems in the local economic structure and economic growth patterns. From this perspective, the issue reflected by the Green Development Index is more important than the warning given to local governments before and after the ranking order.
Wei Jie, director of the China Economic Research Center at Tsinghua University, also believes that government support is equally strong, but where green development is not good, it is likely that there are problems with the local economic structure and economic growth patterns. From this perspective, each province and city must think carefully, and where to change their own growth mode, where each province should adjust its structure and change its mode of growth.
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