The ancient village of Nanxi River in Zhejiang faced destruction and has been preserved for thousands of years

Poetic villages are partially facing the threat of sabotage

How far is the Nanxijiang Ancient Village from Shen?

The local government has allocated special funds for the overall protection and development of ancient villages

[Open Bar] There are a large number of ancient villages scattered on the land of Zhejiang Province. They are adorned in the rural scenery of the mountains and rivers. They are totally natural. The generations are dominated by farming and the ancient style remains. The villagers here live poetically and live indiscriminately. They are a microcosm of Chinese traditional culture.

However, many of these places of idyllic beauty still cannot avoid the impact of industry and cannot escape or decline or be assimilated. What is worrying is that once some ancient villages have been identified as famous villages in the name of the village, they have accelerated the process of being resource-based and commercialized, and are facing the threat of thousands of villages.

Before the promulgation of the "Regulations on Protecting Famous Villages and Famous Villages of Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in Zhejiang Province" in the province, we will visit the streets and lanes and introduce the series of reports on "Zhejiang Ancient Villages" to explore the truly viable road for the protection and development of ancient villages.

At the just-concluded “China Landscape Village” awards ceremony, Yongjia Linkeng Village finally took up one seat and became one of the nine new “Chinese landscape villages”. This makes the ancient village of Nanxi River once again enter people's field of vision.

In March this year, the Yongjia County Development and Reform Commission has initiated the project for the maintenance and protection of Nanxi River ancient villages. The Yongjia County government has allocated 15 million yuan to set up special funds. More experts called for the overall protection and development of the Nanxi River ancient villages, and proposed the concept of application for the relics, and the relevant departments are also active in this. In fact, as early as the beginning of 1999, the Ministry of Construction proposed that the Nanxi River ancient village be included in the “China World Heritage Prepared List”.

This is a peach blossom source that has attracted lots of attention. Architectural experts have studied and researched three times and five times. Photo enthusiasts have never thought of returning between mountains and rivers. More than 200 villages here are scattered like pearls into this vein of veins.

People are amazed at their beauty, but fear that the ancient villages that had survived for thousands of years will be like the traditional towns that have already disappeared, and will face the threat of thousands of villages.

Remote and closed village

From the map, the ancient village of Nanxi River is located between Wenzhou City and Yongjia County, and the traffic seems very convenient. However, if you really want to go to a certain village, it will take a lot of work.

Surrounded by mountains, Nanxi River runs through the mountains, and ancient villages are scattered in these mountains. Whether it is from the urban areas of Wenzhou or from Yongjia County, it takes more than one hour to go to any ancient village.

The ancient villages on the map are all rounded up. When they arrive, they discover that each village is very far apart. Not only are customs different, even dialects sound different. There are not many people coming and going between villages and villages.

"I was married from a neighboring village, but I rarely returned." The 106-year-old Chen Ying, an old man from Pengxi Village, said that he used to leave, even if he was a neighboring village, he would have to walk for several hours.

Simple and poetic life

“Plowing the fields and composting the manure, the weather is sunny and rainy, and the women send food to the fields to eat. The hot sun is hard to plant.” When asked when busy in the middle of the year, the 88-year old villager Mao Busong of Linkeng Village, The reporter picked up this first poem he wrote.

Mao Busong likes to write poetry. His poems can't afford names, but they are all written by people. He was born in Lin Hang. He grew up in Lin Hang and spent a lifetime with the village. He left hundreds of poems.

Do not think that Mao Busong is a famous poet in the village. Actually, there are many poets in the area. The villagers feel that they live in a poetic dream. The villagers here have cultivated a unique temperament through graceful landscapes and primitive life. They appreciate the protection of natural landscapes and carefully create artificial landscapes.

Outside the village, a pool reflects the reflection. The water is in the mountains and is introduced into the village by a canal. Natural landscapes were cultured by villagers and became part of the village. In these ancient villages where the landscapes were infiltrated, they were "abstracted in the morning and ruined with lotuses."

"I am very satisfied with the present life, let me live in the city, I still do it!" Pengxi village 72-year-old Xie Shijin said with a smile, he grew up, the way of life has not changed.

At 5 or 6 in the morning, the genius was bright and the people in the village rose. Take the farm tool and go to the village to work in the farm under the yellow dog's guide. Chickens and ducks flew out of the circle and suddenly, the villages that had just been quiet still had a fever. In the evening when the sun fell, the villagers were all together, drinking, chatting and playing cards. It was all right and they looked up at the stars. No one will close at night.

Xiao Yang from Shanghai is a student of fine arts. He stayed in these ancient villages for half a month. "On these days, I drew a lot of paintings. I think there is no place that can inspire me more than this."

A village is a family

In economically developed Zhejiang, there are very few villages, and the people who live there can call names from each other. Because in many places, the non-household population has exceeded the aborigines. In the ancient villages on the Nanxi River, the original style of a village is still preserved.

Most people in Pengxi Village surnamed Xie, and Lingshang Village had basically surnamed Jin. In Linkeng Village, more than 90% of the villagers surnamed Mao. Those villagers with a few surnames are married from neighboring villages.

“We all know each other in our village, and all of them are relatives. All of them are family members. Everyone in the village has something to do and everyone will help. Some elderly people and children work outside. They are sick. Our whole village People will take care of it," said Xie Wenbo, a villager in Pengxi Village.

Each family has its own genealogy and records the history of the family, and this genealogy often goes beyond the village.

“Our Mao names, some in Taizhou, some in Jiangshan, and some in Jiangxi, are divided into several places. But we are all families. No matter where we are, whoever has something will help,” Mao Guangshou of Linkeng Village said. Not long ago, they had to repair a ancestral hall in Linhai, Lin Hang village went to 16 people.

“I’m more than 40 years old and I’m not talking about the older generation in the village, but the clan awareness was engraved in our hearts since childhood. I think that our next generation will still pass on the things left by these ancestors. Go on," Mao Guangshou told reporters.

The culture of cultivating till now

“I went to school in the village for one year and I began to study next to Tanabe in the next year. By the age of 14, I graduated almost like a child. I became a literate person in the whole village, but I work in the fields. I am the same. There is no fall.” Speaking of his own early years of schooling, Lin Buyong, 89, was proud of Mao Busong.

At 4 o'clock in the afternoon, several children were lying on the fields outside the North Lantau Village. From the children’s point of view, half-tillage and half-reading is to go to class during the day and go to work after class. From the reporter’s point of view, they seem to be the little singer who wrote books thousands of years ago.

In almost every village here, there are enlightening elementary students. The clan stipulates that teachers should be treated favorably and students should be subsidized.

The villagers also pin their semi-finished life ideals to feng shui. In the western pool side of Cangpo Village, the rules and regulations teach that “cultivation is the main task, and you can read and prosper.” The layout of the entire village is the four treasures of the writing room.

The people here have integrated their own landscape feelings, environmental awareness and aesthetic concepts into the Qingshan Xiushui of the Nanxi River, which has gradually formed a unique farming culture in the south of Zhejiang Province. This culture reached its peak in the Song Dynasty. There have been brilliant "Yongjia school" and "Yongjia four spirits", which have a prominent position in the history of Chinese culture.

Status Quo: The threat of destruction in some ancient villages

Many years ago, people who had visited the ancient villages of Nanxijiang now find that the formerly inaccessible villages all passed highways, electricity, and the Internet. The process of modernization has made it easier for villagers to reach out to the outside world, but it has also brought about tremendous changes to the millennium-invariant villages.

As early as in 2002, tourists discovered that the new brick-and-mortar houses in the village were mixed with the original wooden houses, which seemed a little strange. Nowadays, in some ancient villages where tourism has developed relatively well, the reporter has also noticed that most people have opened farmhouses. On holiday, there are a large number of diners who are squatting and their buzzing destroys tranquility. Small village. Some villages are more like a large resort.

Xu Chongtong, director of the Wenjia Office of the CPPCC in Yongjia County, also believes that with the acceleration of economic and social development and urbanization, the protection of ancient village groups in Nanxi River is difficult and the situation is severe.

"Like the national cultural protection unit Furong village core protection area, there are a large number of illegal buildings, there is almost no protection measures for key ancient buildings; the core area of ​​the pen street in Cangpo Village has been destroyed to a considerable extent, and there are few preserved ancient buildings; The ancient buildings on Lishui Street are facing serious hidden dangers such as fire fighting, natural erosion and collapse..." Here, Xu Chong unified his worries about his face.

Behind the large number of illegal buildings, in fact, there are many reasons for helplessness. A villager in Pengxi Village said that half of the villagers in the village are now in a tight housing situation. Some villagers’ children have to be separated after they grow up. The rooms are too small. The beds can only be used together. There is only a thin layer of wood and they sleep at night. Even the breathing sounds can be heard clearly. Some villagers’ houses are old, they cannot be dismantled, and it is difficult to live. The construction of the new village was stopped there for various reasons and I do not know when it will start.

In addition to serious damage, Xu Chongtong believes that ancient villages still have problems such as poor management and serious hidden dangers. Locally, there are some wood-framed houses. During the dry season, it is easy to catch fire. The Sacred Gate Street in Fenglin Town, which was built in the 20th year of Ming Chenghua (1484), was burned more than 30 times last year.

Exploring the Way Out: Protecting Development and Bringing Real Benefits to the People

Although there are a large number of ancient villages in the Nanxi River that have opened farmhouses, there are not many people visiting Nanxi River compared to most scenic spots in Zhejiang.

According to statistics from the Management Committee of Nanxi River Scenic Area, last year, there were 2.57 million trips to Nanxi River. For a 4A scenic spot, this number is not much. Moreover, for the numerous ancient villages on the Nanxi River, the distribution of the number of tourists is also very uneven, even if it is a well-known village, tourism is not a lot of people.

For example, the annual ticket sales income of Furong Village is only about 600,000 yuan, Lishui Street is about 200,000 yuan, and Cangbo Village is about 100,000 yuan. Tourism revenue is not enough to meet management expenses, let alone protection and development needs. The village collectives and villagers have almost no benefit in the protection of ancient villages and the development of tourism, but they have been subject to restraint in their construction. This has seriously affected the enthusiasm and initiative of village collectives and villagers in protecting ancient villages. For more unfamiliar villages, it is even harder to see a tourist.

Yesterday, in some ancient villages on the banks of the Nanxi River, the reporter discovered that tourists are not many, mainly tourists who come to paint and photograph, and there are not many tourists.

After analyzing the current situation, the industry believes that to protect the ancient villages, the key is to let ordinary people get back from the protection and get real benefits, so that ordinary people will cooperate.

However, at present, the relevant departments are paying more and more attention to the protection and development of Nanxi River ancient villages. Li Xiuchong, staff member of Yongjia Nanxi River Scenic Area Management Committee, introduced that in March of this year, the Yongjia County Development and Reform Commission had already referred to ancient Nanxi River villages. The maintenance and protection of the project was approved. Yongjia County Finance allocated a special fund of 15 million yuan.

Hu Xuming, deputy director of the Nanxi River Scenic Area Management Committee, said that they are preparing to introduce a plan for the overall protection and development of the Nanxi River. The main principle is to protect and develop coexistence, protect priority, and realize the transformation of rural houses and the protection of old houses. Separated.

Reporter's notes

Protecting ancient villages is more important to protect a culture

All of them are protecting ancient villages. What protection must be done to restore these ancient villages to their original features, or to let ordinary people continue their ancient lives, or simply transform them into attractions that attract tourists as much as possible? In my opinion, to protect ancient villages, it is more important to protect a culture and find a spiritual home.

With the progress of society, the way of life is certainly changing. It is unrealistic for villagers to continue their sunrise and sunset, and to live in isolation from modern civilization. More and more young people go out to make a living, which is an unstoppable trend.

While protecting ancient houses and ancestral temples is important, it is also essential to protect old folk customs and folk customs. However, I think it is more important to protect the cultural heritage.

Chen Zhihua, a professor at the School of Architecture at Tsinghua University, said in a recent visit to Nanxi River that the protection of cultural relics is to protect the culture. Tourism is the process of learning culture and learning history.

In the ancient villages, you can feel calm and serene, and you can also appreciate the humility, kindness, mutual help, and unguarded sincerity between people. People who are impatient are living in these ancient villages for a few days and will become quiet. At the same time, they will be able to experience the cultural elements that have been passed down from the millennium to the end.

The Chinese culture can be passed on until now, and it is more of a cultural identity. This vein of cultural atmosphere has just survived in ancient villages. Let us take good care of these few ancient villages, just like we care for our common spiritual home.

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