According to the latest issue of the Journal of the American Chemical Society, a new type of graphene sensor has been developed by international teams, including Canadian researchers. The biosensor not only has very high sensitivity for the detection of cholera toxin but also provides early diagnosis of cancer and other infectious diseases. Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors are optical technologies used in medical diagnostics with high sensitivity and specificity. The researchers found that adding graphene can result in doubling of the SPR sensor signal, allowing a single, monolayer to anchor a particular disease signal.
The sensor detects cholera toxin in minutes, compared with current assays that take hours or even days. The technology also extends to the detection of nearly any disease marker, including cancer.
In addition to being faster, the researchers said, the sensor can detect smaller quantities of biomarkers more easily with greatly increased sensitivity, thereby creating the conditions for the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and other diseases. This means that a single drop of blood from a patient can be used to detect a biomarker for the disease.
SPR biosensors are significantly more sensitive than standard ELISA, and lab-grown graphene proves to be better suited for developing new sensors than other forms of graphene used previously. Graphene growth technology, known as chemical vapor deposition, creates large, monolayer graphene that is nearly defect-free, while the surface uniformity of the graphene contributes to the amplification of the sensor signal.
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