Safety management of small open quarry
First, the main types and causes of quarries
1, the object hits. After the blasting operation, the quarry will not clean the pumice stone and the dangerous stone on the mining face in time. The pumice stone on the mining face, the dangerous stone rolling down, the falling and hitting the wounding accident often occur. The main reason for the accident is that due to the lack of safety awareness of management personnel and on-site operators, blind pursuit of production progress, or limited by technical level and negligence of work, the face cleaning is not timely, incomplete, and remains pumice. Dangerous stone, once it hits the workers under the surface, causing the object to hit the accident.
2, collapsed. In order to increase production, reduce production costs, and maximize the benefits, the quarry operators use a wall mining method to use the rock blasting to first hollow out the lower part, so that the rock surface in the upper part is suspended, and the support is free to collapse. . Bottom mining cannot completely collapse the upper rock face, and will cause large accidents such as large suspended rocks or umbrellas on the working surface. The upper rock mass is affected by rain erosion and frequent blasting vibrations, which may cause the rock mass to collapse. Major casualties.
3. Falling from a height. Some quarry operators do not operate according to the provisions of the safety operation rules. They do not wear seat belts when working in high places such as rock drilling, blasting, and cleaning of rock faces, resulting in high-fall accidents. Some quarry managers and operators have a weak sense of safety, take great risks, and do not take any protective measures. Violation of regulations and illegal operations are the main causes of high-fall accidents.
4. Blasting damage. Article 12 of the Interim Provisions on the Safety Production of Small Open Quarry Quarry clearly stipulates that the operating unit should adopt step mining to eliminate backward and unsafe mining methods, and it is strictly forbidden to adopt mining methods such as expansion pot blasting and bottom collapse. However, in order to reduce the amount of rock drilling, many quarries can still obtain more output, and still use the expansion pot to blast the bottom of the blast. Moreover, in order to save the amount of blasting equipment , the short fuse is used; the expansion time is shortened when the gun is expanded, the frictional impact of the medicine package and the hole wall, and the temperature inside the hole is too high, and the accident occurs early. In addition, the expansion rate of the expansion pot is high, and many of the rock that has collapsed are too large, and secondary blasting must be carried out. If the blasting operation is not standardized, a large amount of flying stones are often generated, causing more blasting accidents. Second, the countermeasures and measures for safe mining of quarry
(1) Safe production countermeasures and measures
1. Produce in strict accordance with the mining design plan. Before quarrying, the quarry must be qualified by the design department of the competent construction department or the mining engineering technical service institution certified by the safety production supervision and administration department at or above the provincial level to prepare the mining plan, and strictly follow the mining plan to produce backward and no The safe mining method adopts step mining, and it is strictly forbidden to use mining methods such as expansion pot blasting and bottom collapse. If step-type mining cannot be used, it should be mined from top to bottom.
2. Adopt scientific mining methods. The small-scale open-pit quarry has a small production scale and different topographical conditions. The quarry should be based on its own actual use of light submerged hole drilling and deep hole blasting for simple step mining. The blasting adopts medium-deep hole differential blasting technology. This mining method is stable and reliable, with high comprehensive benefits. Most of the blasting is gravel, and the slope angle meets the requirements. The safety performance is good, the vibration wave is small, the flying stone is small, the efficiency is high, and the labor intensity of the workers is low. Blasting, cost saving, and safe production levels have improved significantly. For those quarries that do not have the ability to implement formalized step-level mining due to factors such as production scale, topographic conditions, and mining types, and can not use the shallow-drilling medium-deep blasting simple step mining technology, you can use shallow Hole rowing gun safety small platform mining technology. The quarry should be based on the long-term development goal of safe production, speed up the elimination of expansion blasting and bottom mining, pay attention to the effective investment of safety funds, introduce scientific and advanced mining technology, select appropriate perforating equipment to perfect and optimize the blasting process, and improve the shovel loading. The transportation method promotes the implementation of scientific and standardized mining technology methods in quarry.
3. Improve the level of mechanical equipment. Most small quarries have low level of mechanical equipment and are manual. The working personnel under the surface are more concentrated. Once the danger occurs, it is easy to cause accidents. The quarry should increase the degree of mechanization, reduce manual operations, use mechanical transportation and loading, improve production efficiency and output, improve on-site safety conditions, and reduce casualties.
4. Strengthen labor protection. Labor protection is the safety guarantee for operators. Most quarries only pursue economic benefits unilaterally, but they lack comprehensive labor protection measures. Some labor protection products have not been inspected for many years and are not replaced. They have already lost the role of protecting the personal safety of operators. . Quarry operators should be people-oriented, pay attention to protecting the life and safety of employees, and provide necessary protective helmets, gloves, protective glasses, noise-proof earplugs, dust masks, safety belts and other labor protection products for employees to set up and strengthen machinery. Safety protection facilities such as electrical appliances ensure the personal safety and occupational health of employees, and reduce and reduce the harm caused to people during accidents.
(2) Safety management measures and measures
1. Establish and improve the safety management system. Most of the quarry safety management systems are imperfect, the management level is not high, the methods are backward, and there are no safety management personnel. Pipe production must be safe, and quarry operators must establish a sound safety production management system, establish safe operating procedures for operators, and provide professional safety production management personnel to adopt scientific, institutionalized, and standardized safety management for quarries.
2. Strengthen the responsibility system for production safety. Quarry operators should organize the formulation of a safety production responsibility system, strengthen implementation and implementation, break down safety production tasks and safety responsibilities, implement them at various work points and positions, strictly supervise and inspect, reward and punish, and eliminate violations. Accidents caused by command, illegal operations and violations of labor disciplines ensure safe production.
3. Strengthen training and education. Strengthening training and education is an effective means of improving the safety awareness of all employees. The person in charge of the quarry and the safety production management personnel shall be trained and approved for safety management through examination and approval; all special operations personnel in the quarry such as blasters, motor vehicle drivers, electricians, welders, etc. shall also undergo training and assessment. Hold the certificate and work on the job. In addition, the person in charge of the quarry should timely train and educate the employees according to the production schedule, the use of new equipment, new methods, and the application of new technologies; pre-job training and education should be provided for new employees and staff. Through regular and irregular training and education, employees' self-quality and safety awareness will be gradually improved.
4. Pay attention to effective safety investment. Quarry operators often only pay attention to economic benefits, but not to safety investment. The investment in safety production is seriously insufficient. In addition, the employed people are mostly migrant workers, their safety awareness is not strong, their quality is not high, and they neglect to take proper protection for their own safety. So as to bury hidden dangers. Effective security investment is necessary to ensure safety in production, quarry operators must by law be appropriate capital investment in improving safety conditions, in training and education, labor protection, occupational health, safety signs, risk management, work injury insurance, Scientific and rational injection of effective safety production funds in terms of protective facilities, emergency rescue, equipment renewal, new processes, and new methods. Only by meeting the requirements and conditions of safe production can we ensure safety and create more and greater economic benefits for operators.
5. Establish and improve the emergency rescue system. The establishment and improvement of the emergency rescue system is an important part of the quarry safety production management. The quarry should formulate an emergency rescue plan with detailed, complete and operational content, and organize practitioners to conduct accident simulation exercises. The church practitioners can master the common sense of self-help and mutual assistance. Once an accident occurs, the practitioners can face dangers without risk. Responsibly take correct self-rescue and mutual rescue measures, correctly dial the rescue call, report to the responsible person in time, and minimize the casualties and property losses of the personnel. The establishment and improvement of emergency rescue plans, and regular implementation of drills, can improve the safety and comprehensive quality of employees, enhance the ability of accident prevention, and lay a good foundation for the safe production of quarries from the quality of personnel.
Third, summary
In the case of small-scale open pit quarry safety production accidents, except for the low safety awareness and illegal operation of the employees, the main reason is that the quarry operators violated the regulations and still use the “one wall†to expand the caving blasting without stepping. In this way, this is the essence of the poor safety conditions of the open quarry and the frequent causes of accidents. In addition, the level of mechanized equipment in the quarry is low, the number of workers working under the surface is intensive, the subcontracting of the mines, and predatory mining are also important causes of accidents. While gaining economic benefits, quarry operators must produce according to the formal mining design plan, invest in safe funds reasonably and effectively, and gradually make the production site have the necessary safe production conditions. It is necessary to protect and respect the life and health of employees, resolutely put an end to and resist the phenomenon of illegal production, illegal command, illegal operation, violation of labor discipline and risk-taking, and gradually establish a long-term mechanism for safe production of quarries. The economic benefits have achieved considerable economic benefits, and it can ensure long-term stable production safety in terms of safe production, so as to achieve the goal of safe production and economic benefits.
Autumn is the peak season for the production of open quarries. The owners are driven by the interests, often re-production progress and light production safety. Because of the high precipitation, high temperature, and fatigue of workers, it is also a period of various types of unsafe factors. In the years of safety supervision, the author found that as long as the company adheres to the safety first policy of “safety first, prevention firstâ€, it strictly implements the “Provisional Regulations on the Safety Production of Small Open Quarry†and strictly follows the “metal non-metalâ€. The Mine Safety Regulations are carried out, and unsafe factors and accidents can be eliminated in the bud and safe production. Here are a few rough views, which may be helpful to the company.
I. Establish and improve the safety production management system and the safety production responsibility system
Second, enterprises should establish and improve the safety production management system and safety production responsibility system, formulate safe operation procedures for operators, and provide full-time safety production management personnel to ensure the effective implementation of safety production inputs. The principal person in charge shall be responsible for the safety production work of the unit, and shall also have the knowledge of safe production and management, and shall pass the examination.
Third, strict implementation of safety production education and training. Enterprises should conduct safety production education and training for employees. New employees must undergo “three-level†safety education before they are employed.
The practitioners have the necessary safety production knowledge, are familiar with the safety production rules and regulations and safety operation procedures, and master the safe operation skills of this position. Special operations personnel must obtain special operation operation qualification certificates through special safety operation training in accordance with relevant state regulations.
Can only work on the job.
Fourth, it is necessary to carry out mining in strict accordance with the mining design. Enterprises should conduct mining in strict accordance with the mining design to prevent random blind mining. Mining should be top-down, step-type mining, eliminating backward and unsafe mining methods, and it is strictly forbidden to use mining methods such as expansion pot blasting and bottom collapse. The stage height, platform width and slope angle of the mining meet the requirements of the regulations.
V. Strengthening on-site safety management of the stope
1. Personnel entering the quarrying site must wear a helmet. Safety ropes or seat belts should be used when working on slopes more than 2 meters above the ground. The safety rope should be placed in a secure location. It is strictly forbidden for many people to use a safety rope at the same time.
2. It is strictly forbidden. Who is going to cool, rest and stay at the bottom of the slope. Significant warning signs should be set up in hazardous areas. It is strictly forbidden to engage in any work in hazardous areas.
3. The slopes are specially maintained by special personnel to clean loose rocks in time. Regularly carry out a safety inspection of the slope and find that the abnormal situation is dealt with immediately. If the upper part of the quarry needs to be stripped, the stripping working surface should be ahead of the mining working surface by more than 4 meters. In the stripping work, necessary safety measures must be taken to prevent the occurrence of mechanical and personnel fall accidents.
4. It is necessary to strengthen the maintenance of the transport roads and set safety warning signs in dangerous locations. Enhance awareness of the importance of safe driving and driving safety, and prevent vehicle injuries caused by ideological paralysis, illegal driving, poor management, and vehicle-borne operation.
5. The "Blasting Safety Regulations" should be strictly implemented, and the blasting operation should be carried out by a full-time blaster.
Set the scope of blasting warning and implement a timed blasting system. Blasting operations are prohibited on thunderstorms, nights and foggy days.
Sixth, enterprises with perfect anti-drainage measures should have perfect flood control measures. Where the impact of catchment above the mining boundary is safe, a water intercepting ditch shall be provided; if there is a possibility of landslide, measures for flood control and drainage shall be taken. The total exit and exit of the stope, the flat sluice, the drainage outlet and the industrial site shall be properly flood control measures.
7. Dust detection and prevention should be strengthened. It is necessary to formulate occupational hazard prevention measures, provide employees with labor protection products and labor protection facilities that meet the standards, and guide and supervise their correct use. Workers exposed to dust and other toxic and hazardous substances are regularly inspected for health.
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