At the beginning of the new year, news about fuel ethanol investment and technology development in the United States continued to spread. At the 2008 North American International Auto Show opened in Detroit on January 13, GM announced that it has formed a strategic alliance with Coskata Energy of the United States to cooperate on the use of agricultural and industrial wastes and municipal waste to produce ethanol fuel. Coskata Company is said to have a unique technology to convert various biomass into ethanol fuel. Compared to the current US wholesale price of more than US$2 per gallon of ethanol, the company’s cost of producing ethanol from a variety of raw materials has been estimated to be less than US$1 per gallon.
Coskata is located in Warrenville, Illinois, and was founded in 2006 by a venture capitalist and chemical technician. According to Coskata, the company has successfully developed technologies for producing ethanol using various organic carbon materials including waste tires, municipal waste, and crop waste.
At present, most of the ethanol in the United States is made of corn as raw material. In order not to disrupt the current food supply chain, the US government advocates the development of more ethanol industry using corn stalks and sawdust as raw materials. All along, many types of cellulosic ethanol fuels are produced using a biochemical route, which uses enzymes to decompose cellulose into various sugars, and then convert the sugars into ethanol. Coskata's innovative technology first uses conventional gasification technology to convert raw materials into syngas. The resulting syngas is then sent to a bioreactor where it reacts with microorganisms to produce ethanol. Finally, membrane technology is used to remove the ethanol and water.
Coskata Company stated that after analyzing the above reaction process, the US Department of Energy Argonne National Laboratory found that the final amount of energy generated by this innovative technology is 7.7 times of the amount of energy it consumes. At present, this value of corn ethanol is only 1.3 times. In addition, with this technology, water consumption is less than 1 gallon per gallon of ethanol produced, while other technologies often use more than 3 times as much water as ethanol.
The president of Coskata Company stated that they will join hands with General Motors to adopt the innovative technology developed independently to build the first commercial-scale production equipment with an annual output of 50 million to 100 million gallons of ethanol, which will be put into operation in 2011. According to the new energy law of the United States, the production of cellulosic ethanol in the United States will reach 21 billion gallons in 2020, and Coskata will occupy a large proportion of this.
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