Fastener industry history essays: tides rise and fall

"Abstract: This article is the third in the "Historical Industry Essays" and tells about the excitement experienced by some "brothers" of the "Top Ten Standards", the protagonist of the fastener industry, after "steel refining". , bitterness and its unpredictable fate."

At the end of Essay II, the author told readers that the industry is about to face “a severe test”. It really is not selling “Guanzi,” but it is actually a combination of “ice, fire, blood, and tears”. reality.

I. The aftermath of “Yuejin” Although the culmination of the “Great Leap Forward” marked by “The People's Greatest Steelmaking” and “The Million Kilograms of Mu Produce,” set off in 1958 and ended in the same year, but in the industry, In the world, the "Great Leap Forward" has not been exhausted, and it has continued until 1960.

At the end of 1959, the industrial enterprises had just breathed a sigh of relief from the surviving “smelting of steel”. A movement that would “improve industrial mechanization, semi-automation, and automation overnight” was ordered to begin again. Companies in Wuhan and many industrial cities (please note that at this time companies are all state-owned or quasi-state-owned, that is, the nature of cooperatives is completely absent from the private sector, so that any “sports” can easily be promoted by order). Rapidly achieving "new technology" such as "ultrasonic", "transmission of mechanization between processes, automation", "removal of boring handles", etc., which can be thought of, are all included in the scope of "sports" and are realized within a time limit. ". In short, existing industries must change their outlook as quickly as possible, and the spirit of "refining steel and steel" is once again being ignited. Once again, the industrial sector has entered "extreme excitement" and the fastener industry is naturally no exception.

At this time, the state-owned Wuhan plant with a scale of more than 1,000 people is unwilling and unable to lag behind. Through the "mobilization of the masses," equipment companies that have already achieved single-machine automation have actually found the direction of "further improvement": "full automation of the production line and the entire workshop." Based on the Soviet Union's "cold enamel technology" that was just translated and published at the time (as mentioned in the previous article, it was the only monograph on fastener technology that was long considered by the industry as "the Bible") as a technology for the future. The prospect of development, it gives a schematic diagram of the single machine into an automatic production line, the Soviets are only there to look forward to the future. When you arrive here, in the atmosphere of “I can only think of nothing, I cannot do it”, it is necessary to turn several single machines into an “automatic production line” as an action.

As a result, we decided to immediately implement the plan, and set a grand plan of “100 machines to open more than the Soviet Union”. We must control the entire workshop with dozens of various molding machines and cuts. Side machine, reeling machine, tapping machine, automatic machine design that linked the machine tools, manufacturing, deep excavation between machine tools, the center of the workshop erected a high "total console", cobweb The densely controlled lines were brought together at the “General Console”... and people excitedly waited for the moment when the “hundreds of machines opened”. In the case of the Soviet Union's "Ocean Machine," which was just getting started and mastering the stand-alone operation, they were both wary, skeptical, and luckily hoping for a miracle to emerge. Unfortunately, when it really started, doubts became a reality. There were more breakdowns than singles. The masters were more busy and more nervous than the singles, and they did not enjoy the “one person open” style. The result is the same as "refining iron and steel." The harvest is a pile of scrap iron to be treated. If there is still gain, it is a lesson that “we must be down-to-earth.” The huge amount of money spent is eventually turned into “tuition fees.”

Fortunately, even if it is a loss (at that time, “deficit” and “income” belong to the state, and state-owned enterprises do not seem to have “loss”), the "ticket ticket" of the SOE employees will have their own government guarantees; do not worry, otherwise...

The "bold leadership" in the movement has effectively promoted the "boldness of the masses." Not only "one hundred machines are opened by one person", just like "the production of ten thousand kilograms of grain per mu," the high output of various products and even the work tools and molds has also become "creating." The object of the "Newspaper". "Emancipating the mind" has become a magic weapon.

Taps, one of the key tools of the fastener industry. When we learned that the Harbin Tool Factory (one of the 50 Soviet Union’s assistance in building one of China’s two modern tools factories) had independently built China’s first “tape automatic production line”, the Wuhan factory immediately thought, “Why can't we build one?” With it, you can't use it and you can't sell it to other factories. As a result, several people's "trading team" immediately went to Harbin. At first glance, people's tap production line is really a genuine, standardized automated production line. From bar stock to sequential processing, to heat treatment, to grinding success, a single tap is made at a rate of only a few minutes per minute. And it's so complicated, precise, and easy to run. Is this what a start-up small fastener factory can match? However, the full set of design drawings still has to come back (only need to pay for drawings). Naturally, its fate is locked into the locker.

Although other manufacturers in the “Ten House” do not know what they have experienced, there is no doubt that although the “story” is not the same, the outcome is almost the same.

How could people who have just passed through the pains of "refining iron and steel" fall into another round of new "fever" again? As an ordinary person who participated in the whole process, I only felt that it was promoted by an invisible “magic power” and involuntarily “doing, doing, and doing!” Of course, studying such a major “experience” is far from what the author can do. (That's the responsibility of the experts). Just mentioned the past and Yu Yu is still alive.

Second, the cold wind picked up a small fastener factory in the vast Chinese territory, in the not yet to get rid of the "leap into" the dream, which knows that the "weather" will change. At the end of 1960, people in the “Dai Qiang” discovered that “the rice can't be full!” First, the daily quota of food is tight, and then there are fewer and fewer foods (meat, fish, eggs, and vegetables). People do not know what happened. In 1961, as soon as it was opened, a paper document was issued, and industrial enterprises should be "adjusted and compressed." The Wuhan plant, which has a scale of more than 1,000 people, was ordered to be compressed to 300 people. Rural areas and water conservancy sites are the destinations of those who are compressed (from the rural areas back to the countryside, from the city, not to go to water conservancy sites to build water conservancy, digging canals, picking soil, repairing embankments). These people were told that "it is a temporary difficulty caused by natural disasters and you will come back afterwards." The factory retained the "most elite" personnel and began painful adherence. The goal is "to persist until the situation improves."

At a young age, the author has already voluntarily laid a backpack for the water conservancy site (where the grain quota can be much higher), and at the moment he gets on the bus, he is pulled back and joined the ranks of “persistent”. .

Later learned that such “compression” was national and none was spared. How many companies have been eliminated from the "preparation" and completely "have no fun". Can only be compressed without cancelling corporate preparations, when it is fortunate, after all, left behind a renewable "seed" ah.

In the next three years, the factory takes “perseverance and maintenance” as its own responsibility. As long as there are “workers”, as long as it is a way to do it, regardless of professionalism and professionalism, it will be all done. In short, “all for dinner” (seems to At this time the government has been unable to control its own state-owned enterprises, and to maintain its survival has become the company's top priority.) An old revolutionary manager who has always been known for his bluntness in the Wuhan Plant declared that he would “give him control of the '70’ and '8'. Ten '(at the time on the company's documents), eat the first article "(to the "Cultural Revolution", he may be guilty of this great crime), the phrase broke the company's status and tasks at this time.

"Maintenance" is everything for the company. "Development" doesn't have to think about it. Wuhan’s “miscellaneous work” has almost become its main business. The social needs of “lead seal calipers” used in railway trucks and various stamping plate parts used in transmission towers have been pulled by all means to earn some money (and What is different now is that the product price concept in the year: product ex-factory price = cost + tax + surrendered profit, staff salaries are included in the cost, taxes and fees are required by the state, and if there is profit, they must be turned over to the state. That is to say, if the selling price can guarantee “cost + tax” or even just “cost”, it will be stronger than the country’s support for supporting people in turn.

For unknown reasons, the demand for inch screws on the market (at that time, not called "market demand" but "social demand") suddenly rose. The bolt cold heading machine that had just been put into operation had fortunately been able to work. This kind of product has no precision, and the new technology of cold heading has great advantages in terms of quality and cost compared with the traditional manufacturing of such products, such as hot squeezing, light extrusion, and mechanical processing, so that the "maintenance" of the Wuhan plant can benefit from it. This matter also proved the adaptability of the fastener industry: screws and nuts are too widely used. High-precision, profitable activities are not, and it is not unreasonable to make rough and profitable ones.

In this way, for almost three years, the country’s economic situation has miraculously improved quickly, and the dawn of development has once again shined on the fastener industry.

Surprisingly, in the almost three years of people's desperate insistence, the industry's managers did not completely give up, and they are still trying to promote the technical progress of the industry. It is a bit "idealistic". At about the end of 1961 or early 1962, when people in cities and villages were hungry for “howling”, the Ministry of Machinery actually organized a national product quality assessment for fastener companies! It was at the time that China's first fastener national standard was promulgated (1958). Bolts, nuts, and other most commonly used fasteners were in China for the first time. They had a unified product standard for the first time. The concept of checking the thread for the first time to use the ring gauge, plug gauge (previously does not matter "accuracy", although the standard requirements are only the old standard "level 3" accuracy, roughly equivalent to the current 7h (H) level, and The industry at that time was already high enough, and many companies still have difficulty achieving stability, but after all, they have a clear goal).

Maybe the Ministry of Machinery is eager to see exactly what level of fastener factories it has built up, and then guide them on how to move forward. Check and appraise will be conducted by grouping national fastener manufacturers and checking each other. Three factories in Harbin, Tianjin, and Wuhan are grouped and go northwards and southwards, which lasted nearly months. In the hungry northeast where business trips are cold and cold, the "brotherhood" of the brother factory really warms everyone. After arriving in Harbin late at night, I was unable to go to the factory. The “Ha Biao” inspection section chief responsible for reception put everyone on his family's hot steamed buns and let his wife immediately make soup for everyone! In Tianjin, the inspection team was fortunate enough to catch up with the "Do not care" bun shop and open a business, and tasted the high-priced "Do not care" buns. In fact, this appraisal of inspections is also the first time that the “Ten Great Standards” of local small factories have been built. The “Brothers” have observed each other on a large scale for the first time. The greater significance is that they have stepped out of “home” and broadened their horizons. It is always promoted.

Looking back at the three-year “persistence” of the Wuhan plant, compared to other machinery companies, fastener companies appear to be an industry that has a stronger ability to survive and adapt. After all, the place where fasteners are needed is almost ubiquitous. This may also be a useful revelation for people interested in long-term business operations.

3. It was clear that by the end of 1963 to the beginning of 1964, the signs of recovery seemed to suddenly become clear. In life, meat, fish, eggs, and vegetables are enriched overnight. In the years when grain and oil are all planned to be supplied, cooking oil is particularly tense. In order to encourage residents to eat fish, Wuhan's state-run fish selling market even dispenses oil tickets according to the amount of fish purchased. For some time, the eggs in the state-owned farms were surplus, so the company’s employees were called to “eat patriotic eggs” (to help the state-run farms consume excess materials, it is also “patriotic”). The recovery of the industry was also very obvious. Wuhan factory was instructed to accept workers from the water conservancy site to return to the factory, and some of the “decentralized” rural workers also returned to the factory one after another. The factory has returned to more than a thousand people.

The nation’s machinery industry has lost no time in renewing its ambitious new plan. “Corporation” has become an important measure for the development of the machinery industry, including the fastener industry. The Ministry of Machinery has even played the "trustworthiness" without hesitation. Banner. Almost every province (city) has established a "standard parts company" or "general plant" (around this time, the country began to refer to "fasteners," "screws," "screws," and "nuts." To do "standard parts"), the goal is to carry out "scale, specialization" adjustments. Although executive orders dominate, they still have the "sports" flavor, but for the fastener industry, corporateization will undoubtedly have a beneficial effect. Products with the same or similar products will be merged, and the original scattered and duplicated conditions will be obtained. Improvements and specialization have been strengthened. For example, Shanghai had more than 100 small factories before the “corporate”, and after establishing the “Shanghai Company,” it merged more than half of the small factories. Another example is that specialized fasteners and molds factories around the country are basically established at this stage, and they have no doubt a great role in the development of the industry. This corporatization based on administrative relations continued until the end of the 1970s to the early 1980s, when new changes were made. It was later.

After the corporatization of the fastener industry, under the unified guidance of the Ministry of Machinery (a subordinate department and later evolved into the "Basic Components Bureau"), the company began to pursue development efforts again. A distinctive feature of the fastener industry is the high correlation between products, process technology and specialized equipment. To improve technology and update products, it is often necessary to upgrade and upgrade equipment. However, in the 1960s, China completely lost the possibility of introducing technology and equipment from abroad. In addition to “self-reliance”, there is no second way to go, and relying exclusively on the development of specialized equipment has become the only choice.

During this period, the domestic professional equipment manufacturers just started and soon, if you can't meet the explosive needs of the fastener industry, it is difficult to meet the needs of the fastener industry. Larger, more powerful fastener companies and factories are rushing to create a new generation of specialized equipment. The main stream is to use multi-station molding machines to replace advanced double-click molding machines. The technology is based on imitation (as early as in the mid-50s, when the Ministry of Construction built the Shenyang Screw Factory, it had introduced the most advanced “East Germany”. Multi-position bolt-bolting machines have vertically arranged work stations. This is the only one in the country. The shadows can be seen on domestically-manufactured various multi-station bolts and nut forming machines. The goal is to realize “multi-station work”. "It's a little bit "sporty".

But its real motive power may be threefold: one is to raise oneself by armed forces; the other is to improve the position of the enterprise in the eyes of the industry and the leaders; third is to increase the income for the enterprise if it reaches the level of sales (there was no "market" or taboo at the time." "Market" said, but "payable transfer" between companies is OK. What needs to be mentioned here is that in this activity of self-reliance in manufacturing professional equipment, the Shenyang Screw Factory (which at this time has been renamed "Shenyang Standard Parts Factory") is one of the "big pickers." "Shenbiao" (hereinafter we call it "Shenbiao") first began to imitate a variety of molding machines, due to its strength and experience, "Shenbiao" professional equipment (such as reeling machine, trimming machine, bolts Molding machines, etc.) were first "transferred" to all parts of the country and were operating normally and well. In the post-corporate Shanghai, with a professional equipment maintenance and manufacturing plant, it is also effective in the internal control of armed companies.

As one of the country's largest provincial standard-level companies at the time, even the slogan of “eliminating the single- and double-clicking of the cold heading machine to the township and township enterprises!” has been proposed, which shows that it has great ambition to improve its equipment. Other regions, such as Tianjin and Beijing, are also working hard. The main achievement is to arm themselves. It cannot be denied that except for some equipment made in Shenyang and Shanghai, which are regular and durable, other self-made equipment tends to be simple and easy to solve, but it is often difficult to achieve long-term and reliable operation. At this stage, professional and formal fastener manufacturing equipment factories mostly started soon. There were only two companies in Qiqihar and Jinan (later Huangshi was added later). It was difficult to adapt to the strong demand of the fastener industry in terms of variety and quantity. Undoubtedly, it is leading in performance and quality.

As a result, self-produced and professional equipment manufacturers have become the two pillars that complement each other in the transformation of industry equipment during this period. Although they are mainly based on imitation, they have made historic contributions to the improvement of the industry level. Careful readers may have noticed that this self-reliant activity is limited to forming equipment but hardly sees the shadow of self-made heat treatment lines. The answer is whether the industry’s leading product still needs heat treatment, and everyone can’t think of or think about future development.

It is worth mentioning that during this period of the industry's "great level," a major event occurred that affected the future development of the industry.

In the development of the whole country, the fastener industry is eager to try, in fact, is the entire industry, at least when the entire machinery industry's pursuit of development boom. Among them, the development of the automobile industry is particularly eye-catching. In addition to the original “FAW”, Beijing, Nanjing, Jinan, Chongqing, and Shanghai have all established automobile complete machine factories, one small-scale but with an annual output of only a few. In the early 1980s, there were more than 200,000 vehicles. However, the prototypes of the Chinese automobile industry, such as cars, jeep, light vehicles, medium-sized vehicles, heavy-duty vehicles, etc., have basically emerged.

At this time, the fastener industry is working hard to meet the minimum requirements set by the national standards. It is far from being aware of what the birth and development of the auto industry will mean to itself. As the national leader of the automotive industry (the "Second Bureau" of the Ministry of Machinery, namely the "Automobile Bearing Agency"), with the eyes of the country and experts, it has keenly seen the future needs of automotive fasteners and the fastener industry at that time. insufficient. As a result, they made a major decision: To choose among the existing fastener companies that have been nurtured by the state, to further arm and improve them to meet the needs of the future development of the auto industry, they clearly know that It is by no means a day's work to cultivate a qualified fastener company that satisfies the automobile industry. It is absolutely impossible to start early. Otherwise, the development of the automobile industry will be hampered by fasteners and even hindered.

In this way, the “title” of the first manufacturer in the country that is solely responsible for the production of “automobile standard parts” for the automotive industry was lucky to fall on the head of the Wuhan plant. Its “task” was defined as “beyond FAW’s Beijing”. , Jinan, Nanjing, Sichuan and other auto factories are supporting.” For the Wuhan plant, this is really tantamount to “falling out of the sky”. (Inside the decision, we have no way of knowing it yet, but starting from the overall situation, it is There is no doubt that according to the political and economic structure of the current year, we must act in a just manner. There is absolutely no “back door” to speak of. The Wuhan factory is only a beneficiary of “decision-making”.

The Wuhan Plant was thus taken over to the “Automobile Bureau” of the Ministry of Machinery and under the direct jurisdiction of the Ministry of Machinery, and the continuous “technical transformation” of the vehicles was started. From then on, a large amount of funds and equipment rolled into one place, and one after another round of reforms followed. . Until the transformation began, the author, one of the Wuhan factory technicians, gradually understood the reason for the establishment of an “automobile standard part company”: In order to introduce the former Soviet Union technology-based auto industry, it is necessary to use medium carbon steel for heat treatment and galvanization. , "2" precision fasteners. At this time, the goal of the national fastener industry to work hard or how to stably meet the minimum requirements of the national standard: low carbon steel, no heat treatment, no surface treatment, "3" thread precision bolts, screws and nuts. For a company with a weak standard of ordinary standard parts, it is not necessary to reinvent the wheel to change it completely. In today's opinion, this difference seems to be nothing. People in the industry must understand that at the time, this was not a "world apart," but it was also a "gap." Later, a lot of companies that mainly produce "ordinary standard parts" passed through countless difficult twists and turns and gradually entered this field.

Conversion of automotive fasteners to overcoming the impact of raw material quality and handling (resolving hard and soft steel and decarburization), product heat treatment, product surface treatment (predominantly zinc electroplating at the time), improvement of thread accuracy, and plating accuracy And corresponding to a series of production and tooling equipment, such as the renewal and transformation of the mark, each link is almost a re-learning, understanding process. After nearly three or four years of hardships, the Wuhan plant finally became a supplier of basically qualified “car standard parts”. Just after the Wuhan Plant had just started production of "car standard parts," there was an accident that was now common sense.

At that time, FAW was unable to supply standard parts for a certain reason. After the “Automobile Bureau” directive, the Wuhan plant needed to supply a batch of bolts for FAW emergency production. The first time was FAW production. “Glory” was self-evident. The Wuhan plant certainly did not dare to neglect and completed the task with meticulous care. Knowing that the product went to FAW, it was sentenced to a "failure" because of "decarbonization." The Wuhan plant was completely screwed up. The hardness of the product was checked very strictly. Are they qualified? FAW said that it is the decarburization of the thread caused by the decarburization of the material. Has it only been found in the hardness of the bolt head? After eating for a while, I was able to grow up with wisdom. “Decarburization” has become a special concern for the Wuhan plant. It is not so easy to convert “standard car parts” from ordinary standard parts companies.

In the 1960s, except that “FAW” had a self-supporting standard section supported by the Soviet Union, some of the standard parts required for other emerging automobile plants were barely replaced by ordinary standard parts; if it was difficult to substitute, more general ones were used. The machining process (cars, mills, etc.) are self-manufactured and manufactured (some automakers have even set up or plan to establish their own standard parts production workshops), allowing these small-scale car OEMs to It really suffered from the lack of professional standard parts supply. Now it's time to finally solve the problem easily with orders and low cost. Of course, there is still a "painful" process of achieving true "easy". The reason is that, relying solely on a Wuhan plant, its development speed can not keep up with the development of the car host. Therefore, the situation that “car spare parts can be used for standard parts” is inevitable. The sober "Automobile Bureau" naturally expected this, and a plan to build a similar Wuhan plant has also been started, but after all, "the water is difficult to solve near thirsty." As a result, another "automobile standard parts factory" selected and built by the state for investment in Shaanxi was established. Wuhan Plant was instructed to fully support its "brothers" in technology and management.

In the years from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, "car standard parts" resources became one of the parts that must be uniformly distributed by the country (that is, the automobile bureau) at the "National Automobile Support Conference." The standard planners of automotive mainframe companies take hard-to-find distribution orders as if they had purchased food with food stamps during the supply of food plans. They ordered automotive standard parts from the Wuhan plant. Impossible (In those days, relations and hospitality gifts would not work. Who would dare? It was not that the Wuhan plant was too “cow”, after all, the production capacity was so great). For now, there is a sense of "Arabian Nights". This phenomenon has undoubtedly sent a strong signal to the fastener industry: "There is a lot of urgency in car standards."

As a result, a number of "general standard parts factories" with a certain level of strength and a certain level of strength have begun to raise their standards and have entered the higher-grade products represented by "car standard parts." After a few years, until now, "the production of automobile standard parts is considered to be nothing." Nowadays, the industry's technology, equipment level, and production capacity are no longer comparable, and great progress has been made. It is probably not necessary to understand the current situation. Easy.

The significance of the Ministry of Machinery in deciding to arm a standard car factory for specialized automobiles was indeed not significant. It was not exactly what “the one stone stirred up the waves”. Competing for “matching for automobiles” is one of the important incentives for the industry to improve product quality and carry out technological transformation. Another important stimulus that has allowed this transformation to continue into the 1980s is the adoption of international standards for national standards. Mechanical performance grading and the introduction of host technology are increasing. The promulgation and implementation of this standard has led to an increase in the number of host companies that use higher-strength fastener products. The implementation of new intensity classification standards not only affects the development of enterprises, but also directly threatens the survival of enterprises. Who would dare to take this joke? ?

Fourth, "higher and stronger"

From the mid-1960s to the mid-1980s, the fastener industry experienced a major “upgrading” in product, technology, and equipment. With the heat treatment of continuous production lines and surface treatment (electroplating, oxidation, etc.) production lines, a large number of “produced horses” were launched. , Medium strength (8.8 bolts, 8 nuts as the representative) products have been popular, and no longer "tight" things. There are more and more manufacturers that have entered the manufacturing of fasteners for automobiles and maintenance, and people have found that there are more “higher and stronger” fastener products in the automotive industry beckoning to them, that is, “high for automobiles. Strength special fasteners." These are non-standard fasteners that are used in key parts of the car and are closely related to the performance and safety of cars. They are used in a very large amount, with extremely high value, and of course the technical difficulty is even greater. In the "market" concept has been publicly put forward, "profit" can already be no need to rumor in the environment, fastener companies, especially those who have had a relationship with the car, eager to test into this area, is a very natural thing . Important fasteners, such as wheels, engines, and chassis, have become the object of competition. There is a saying borrowed from overseas that it is “high value-added products”. To vigorously develop is to pursue the meaning of “profit maximization” of enterprises. This is no more normal nowadays, but in that year, the attraction was extraordinary.

Once you enter, you know the depth. To "get" such "high-value-added products", the requirements for technology, equipment, financial resources, intelligence, etc., are far from being comparable to "car standard parts" from ordinary standard parts. In fact, the so-called "car standard parts" in the initial stage mainly referred to the "standard fasteners used in automobiles" and also mainly to standard (such as national standard) fasteners and mid-range strength fasteners based on the fastener industry at that time. The general low level, in the face of "car standard parts" will have a "high unreachable" feeling. Once you look at the "high value-added" products represented by high-strength fasteners for automobiles, you really feel its height. Since the mid-1970s, some professional standards companies have begun to "sprint" this type of product. Prior to this, the products used by the automotive mainframe companies were mainly self-manufactured in their own small workshops.

A special phenomenon is that the industry is divided very clearly. In the 1960s, the “agricultural and internal combustion engine” industries already had “high-strength fasteners” factories. They were really driven by high-strength fasteners for internal combustion engines. Specialized companies, however, at this time, the two industries are long-term “old dead do not come”. Until the 1980s, internal combustion engine parts gradually merged with automobiles, and they naturally became pioneers in the production of high-strength special-purpose fasteners for automobiles. And those companies that use "automobile standard parts" or "ordinary standard parts" as their business, after about five to ten years of hard work, only some companies have gradually entered the ranks of supporting automotive mainframes. A considerable number of companies have been stuck in the ranks of “maintenance parts” only (in the automotive industry, parts that are used directly for the assembly of new vehicles, called “parts”), and the parts needed for maintenance and replacement in use, Called “maintenance parts”, the former is supplied by the owner, and the host company has the final say. Because the latter is spread all over the country, it is difficult for the host company to control or let it flow freely. Therefore, the threshold for entry is relatively low and it becomes a large number of enterprises. Land of gold).

Especially after the 1980s, automotive mainframes increasingly depended on imported technology, and the supply of important accessory parts (including high-strength special fasteners for automobiles) was increasingly controlled by foreign parties. In addition, the technical requirements of some products are indeed very high, especially in terms of quality stability, there is indeed a certain gap between domestic companies. Therefore, it is more and more difficult for domestic professional fastener companies to obtain supporting qualifications (among them, naturally there are protectionist factors outside the “fat water does not flow outside the field”), and thus formed a type of "automotive high Intensive special fasteners are still mainly imported." The current situation is that such products are either imported or only purchased by wholly foreign-funded or joint-venture companies and reserved for the fastener industry. Basically, only those “self-designed” and generally small-scale automotive accessory and maintenance markets are available. . In the face of the mainstream automotive market, which is dominated by imported technologies, domestic professional fastener companies have faced a high wall and have been stuck outside the wall. The transformation of the industry into “high value-added products” and the grand wishes of “higher and stronger” development have become a difficult problem to solve.

Try to think deeper, in fact, the domestic-funded fastener company's desire to develop "high value-added products" may be more focused on its attractive profits. This may also be the main reason why the exporters of technological output hold onto such products. But the more profound reason is probably because of "control." Imagine that if the number of autos that rely on imported technology reaches an annual output of millions of cars, imported parts, including high-strength fasteners, will be reduced or even stopped. What is the status of the conference? Obviously, it is far from a purely economic issue. People want to block you from the wall "intentionally" or "unintentionally." What do you do? It seems that "higher and stronger" will be the biggest and most difficult long-term task faced by industry colleagues. It is hoped that the industry will be aware of the significance and problems faced in pursuing this goal and set the wisdom and strength of the industry to basically cross this high wall in the near future.