The composition and succession of the pests in tea gardens are incomplete. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 90 diseases in tea villages recorded in China, and about 430 species of pests and pests have been recorded. Diseases and pests are not only of various types but also occur seriously, which poses a serious threat to tea production. Therefore, the prevention of pests and diseases is one of the important measures to ensure the high quality and high yield of tea. The national or local radio and television level post-editing professional plant diseases and insect pest television forecasting and editing equipment at all levels can make tea plant pests and diseases trends and prevention and control technology information into television programs, with television media graphic, audio and video ready, vivid image , Fast delivery, strong timeliness, wide coverage, high publicity rate released to the public, can play a timely and effective role in prevention and control.
The composition of tea plantation pests and fauna in the tea plantation is in the tea plantation ecosystem, with tea plants as the main body, other plants, animals and microbes constrain each other, interdependent, and experience the process of development from quantitative to qualitative change. Relatively stable tea garden pests and fauna. Among the tea-producing provinces in China, the types of pests and occurrences in Yunnan, Guangdong, and Zhejiang provinces with long planting history are more than those in Tibet and Shandong provinces where new teas are grown. In addition to ecological factors, it reflects to a large extent the cumulative effects of seedlings on the population.
The succession of the tea plantation pests in the succession tea tree grows densely and the canopy closes. The tea plantation ecological environment and nutrient conditions are far less variable than other crops, constituting a relatively stable pest and flora resources and natural enemies. The dominant species can maintain a dominant position for a longer period of time, and sporadic pest populations do not easily rise to dominant species. However, due to changes in climatic conditions and the influence of human factors, especially in the past 30 years, with the development of modern science and technology, the management of tea gardens has been strengthened and more and more human factors have been involved in the natural world. for.
Since the 1960s, the area of ​​tea gardens in China has increased more, and the planting methods have also grown from cluster planting to strip planting, which has significantly reduced the space in tea gardens. Contiguous tea plantations have created conditions for the growth, reproduction and spread of pests and diseases. Provide more hidden hiding places, therefore, the types and density of pests increase. Interplanting with tea gardens will also change the flora and fauna. For example, after the intercropping of tea and tea in the South China tea region, root rot such as red root rot and brown root rot developed into dominant species.
The growth of tea trees in the Jiangbei tea region of China is not closed, and planting of legumes, corn, and other plant specialties is usually conducted between rows, causing the occurrence of serious planting of small green leafhoppers. In the case of fertilizing high nitriding in tea gardens, the shoots grew soft and dense, trapped insect populations on other plants were transferred to tea plants, and developed into the dominant species in tea garden pests and fauna. For example, Jatropha ulmoides was originally a minor insect pest on tung tree. After migrating to a tea plantation, it gradually became monopolized and became an important pest in Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces.
The false-eye small green leaf primordium is a minor pest on trees such as peach trees; the tea leaf ridge damages cotton, vegetables, and other plants. Once it enters the tea garden, these pests prefer tea that is soft and sweaty and settle in the tea garden. , and developed into a national tea tree main pests and pests. The tea leaves are picked and picked to provide the spawning grounds for the tea moths, making it a rare pest on the family Camellia, which has become a major pest in the Jiangnan tea region since the 1970s.
In addition, due to the unreasonable use of pesticides, while killing pests, it also harms the natural enemies of pests, causing them to rise to the dominant species in tea gardens. There are four trends in the succession of pests in tea gardens: from juvenile-feeding pests to sucking-type pests; from large-scale pests to small pests, and from generation to generation, pests with low fecundity tend to occur. The direction of pests with strong fertility is succession; the specialized pests are in the direction of omnivorous pests. The faunal succession of tea plantation diseases is not as obvious as that of pests. However, due to the reform of cultivation techniques, the environmental conditions of pathogens were changed from bottom to top, resulting in a change in the type and number of diseases. The addition of nitrogenous fertilizers to tea gardens changed the composition of biochemical components in the new shoots of tea trees, which led to an increase in the number of diseased leaves and increased damage. In recent years, new diseases such as bud blight and bud disease have occurred in Zhejiang, Anhui, and Guangdong provinces. After planting tea in shrubbery areas, root rots have developed. The promotion of vegetative propagation in the tea region accelerated the spread of root-knot nematode disease and root cancer in multiple hosts, which made the problem of root diseases prominent. The succession trends of the tea garden disease fauna are as follows: from the disease that damages the leaves and the old leaves to the direction of budding leaf disease; from the leaf disease to the root and stem disease direction succession.
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