The number of empty-nesters is huge.

"At present, there are more than 900 'empty nesters' in the aerospace community. They haven't had children for many years. Apart from getting basic living expenses from their children, many people, like the widowed old people, have to shoulder the burden of production and housework alone. Many life problems such as medical treatment, maintenance of houses, and heating are spent alone in old age. There is also a considerable number of elderly people who live in separate nests with their children. They lack the necessary daily care and have a poor spiritual life. Changchun Green Park Wu Zhiwen, assistant director of the aerospace community, said in an interview with a reporter from the Economic Information Daily.

When interviewed by reporters in Jilin Province, it was found that in some areas, the number of “empty-nest old people” was huge and there was a serious shortage of elderly care institutions. The ever-expanding aging population put severe challenges on the current pension security system and social stability. In this regard, experts suggest that vigorously develop the "home care for the elderly" new social pension model, explore socialized, diversified, multi-channel, market-based comprehensive old-age care road, and build a comprehensive pension service system.

Pension needs: from relief to conservation

According to reports, the early old-age care institutions in Jilin Province are social welfare agencies established to provide relief, shelter, and care for the elderly to the “three nos” (no labor capacity, no source of livelihood, no ability to define caretakers or supporters). . Since the 1990s, the social welfare institutions for the elderly began to break through the traditional boundary of “three nos,” and gradually launched self-financed residential care services. This has entered a new phase, but it has not gone beyond the limitations of “welfare agencies”.

Ning Dianjun, chairman of Xianghe Anyang Hospital in Chaoyang District, Changchun, has been engaged in the retirement business for more than 20 years. The Anyang Institute he now operates is built in 2000, with a construction area of ​​14,400 square meters in the first phase and 12,700 square meters in the second phase. It is mainly for the poor and disadvantaged groups. The current charging standard is 300 yuan to 1,000 yuan per month.

Experts believe that since the late 1990s, the field of social welfare for the elderly has suddenly expanded and unprecedented changes have taken place in the sources of funds, distribution of funds, target populations, service methods, and providers of services. What happened during the social transition period was in the background, and this change is still in rapid progress and evolution.

In terms of welfare infrastructure construction, as of the end of 2011, Jilin Province had a total of 1,020 senior care institutions at various levels, with a total of 59,959 beds (excluding 624 rural welfare centers, 77,000 beds, and 33,000 elderly people). This is an increase of 63.6% and 71% from 2007. Starting in 2010, the province has started construction of an urban community home-based care service station, which has been included in the facts of the people's livelihood determined by the provincial government for three consecutive years. At present, 1259 have been built, accounting for 86% of the total number of communities in the province, and full coverage will be achieved in 2012.

“At present, the population of Jilin Province aged 60 and over is 3.75 million, accounting for 13.66% of the total population; the population aged 65 and over is 2.3 million, accounting for 8.38% of the total population.” Jilin Provincial CPPCC National Committee Member Tian Yushan said in the “two sessions” in Jilin Province this year that the rapid aging of the population, the economic development level lagging behind the process of aging population, the aging of urban and rural areas and geographical differences, is the main feature of the aging process in Jilin Province.

An interview conducted by reporters in Jilin Province revealed that the number of “empty-nest old people” in some areas is huge and it is difficult for elderly care institutions to meet their needs. Take the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture as an example. According to relevant statistics, the number of “empty-nest old people” in the state is about 130,000, and the proportion of “empty-nest old people” in many communities and villages has exceeded 50%. The “empty-nest-adults” national pilot village in the “empty-nest-adult” - Dongming Village of Wangqing Township has reached 70% of the total number of elderly people.

According to Guan Jin, member of the Standing Committee of the People's Political Consultative Conference of Jilin Province and deputy chairman of the Provincial People's League, “The increase in family miniaturization, empty-nest families, and elderly people living alone has weakened the family support function, leaving the family pension into a corner. In the conflict with the “filial piety elderly”, this is also a traditional problem of home-based care for the elderly. At the same time, the diversified tendencies of the modern society have led to an increase in the expectations of the elderly population for retirement, and the traditional institutional pension service model can no longer meet the quality of life for the elderly. demand."

Pension Challenge: Wide Coverage Balanced

With the rapid development of population aging, the needs of elderly care, housekeeping services, medical rehabilitation, and spiritual culture are becoming increasingly prominent. The problem of old-age care services is becoming more and more severe. The traditional old-age welfare business model has no influence on the quantitative scale or qualitative structure. Both cannot meet the needs of economic and social development and face severe challenges.

In an interview with reporters, Chang Li, Director of the Welfare Division of the Civil Affairs Bureau of Changchun, said that at present there are more than 200 old-age care institutions in Changchun, and the number of beds exceeds the standard of 3% set by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, but the situation of uneven distribution and unreasonable types remains. exist.

“Public pension institutions focus on the poor, while the private sector focuses on the low end. There are few high-end and middle-end pension institutions, especially the high-end pension institutions set up by social forces are involved in the limited, of course, this is also related to the local economic development status and enterprises. There is a relationship between investment orientation at home," said Julie.

According to industry analysts, in many cities in China, medium-sized pension institutions with better facilities, environment, and services are far away from the community, and the fees are relatively high, making the actual utilization of the beds lower. Taking 60 private pension institutions in Changchun City as an example, 4623 beds were accommodated in 3352 elderly people and the occupancy rate was 72.5%. However, some old-age care institutions with small scale, low grades, poor facilities and service levels are in short supply and are overcrowded.

In some areas, the old-age care institutions are obviously inadequate, and there is a widespread phenomenon that there is money but they cannot buy old-age care services. Wang Yuzhi, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Jiyuan Jiayuan Construction Engineering Consulting Co., Ltd., said that more and more elderly people are gradually changing their old-age pension concepts, and they hope to enter pension institutions. However, pensionable institutions are unable to meet demand. On the other hand, due to the influence of funds and other factors, some rural social pension institutions are poorly equipped and equipped, and the standard of support is obviously low. The concentration of support for the elderly cannot be guaranteed. Some rural welfare service centers have suffered long-term construction, the main body of the housing has been damaged, and the fire protection facilities have failed to meet the standards. This has caused potential safety problems.

Guan Jinjin believes that the government finances that have long supported social security will not be able to shoulder the old-age protection expenditures that are facing large-scale expansion. The government finances need to pay more than 100 billion yuan in fiscal funds each year to make up for the inadequacies of pension funds. Even so, it is difficult to meet the social pension needs.

Not only that, the quality and level of China's old-age care service team need to be strengthened and improved. Most of the old-age service workers are migrant workers and laid-off workers in urban areas. Their cultural level is low, they are older, and they lack professional skills and skills. The construction of nursing staff is lagging behind, there is a shortage of nursing workers, the service level is low, and the imbalance between the proportion of service workers and other issues is widespread.

At the same time, experts believe that long management is not conducive to the development of private pension institutions, and the implementation of some preferential policies takes a long time. It is understood that at present, the elderly care institutions in Jilin Province are under the management of various departments such as civil affairs, old age committees, fire control, public security, epidemic prevention, and streets, and there is a lack of sufficient cooperation and communication among the old-age departments, and no concerted efforts have been formed. Relevant departments lacked detailed and standardized guidance on private pension institutions for consulting, registration, and the issuance of firefighting permits, which led to the development of private pension institutions. There are even institutions that cannot register due to various reasons. The dilemma between running and not doing.

Endowment development: to invest in policy

Experts believe that in the long-term perspective, we should explore socialized, diversified, multi-channel, market-based comprehensive old-age care roads and build a comprehensive pension service system. First of all, government departments must strengthen the organization and leadership of social pension institutions, formulate and implement preferential policies, and form a management system for old-age institutions with the civil affairs department as the lead unit. The civil affairs department should manage them in a unified manner, and all old-age departments must actively coordinate and cooperate. Conscientiously perform their respective responsibilities and form a concerted effort.

It is also crucial to increase the financial investment in public pension institutions and the support for private pension institutions in promoting the development of the elderly in China. In this regard, Pan Zhanxue, deputy director of the Civil Affairs Department of Jilin Province, believes that to actively promote the development of a socialized pension system, the government must first invest in the implementation of specific implementation measures, and allocate funds every year according to the pace of economic and social development and financial resources. “Funds should really be used for pensions. For example, subsidies for institutional pensions need to have corresponding management mechanisms, to avoid the loss of government funds, and to ensure that elderly care organizations that need support can get benefits,” said Pan Zhan.

Under the background of accelerating the pace of aging in China, experts believe that government departments should increase the financial input of their own finances to the pension undertakings, and can first establish a multi-functional society with demonstration and guidance that integrates leisure, recreation and rehabilitation. Welfare institutions provide operational guidance and technical assistance for the standardization and day-to-day management of pension institutions while alleviating social pension pressures.

The diversified forms of "government-led, social participation, market-oriented operation, and industry management" can widely develop the retirement industry in the entire society. It is recommended to implement various measures such as civil office assistance, public-private partnerships, entrusted management, joint ventures and cooperation, and purchase of services. Promote the rapid development of private pension institutions. “We believe that we should improve the government’s supportive policies for the purchase of public welfare posts and funding for bedspaces for private pension institutions, giving preferential treatment in terms of land, taxation, and price, and ensuring that they are put in place. Actively attracting private capital to participate in the retirement business and alleviating social retirement work Stress," said Julie.

According to Lili, the old-age pension model in Changchun is “90, 7, and 3”. 3% of the old people enter institutional pensions; 7% of the elderly use community strength to solve problems such as temporary support and meals during day care stations. 90% of the elderly are home-based pensioners. It can be seen that home-based care is the top priority in resolving old-age care issues.

In this regard, experts recommend the establishment of a support mechanism for the community to carry out home-based care for the elderly, grant certain special work funds for each street and community, and provide appropriate subsidies to the home-based care service organizations to provide appropriate subsidies for social forces to invest in home-based care services for the elderly. In areas such as venues, industry and commerce, taxation, utilities, gas, etc., preferential support was given to encourage their participation.

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